In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . Your privacy is extremely important to us. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. IvyPanda. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. 2. a type of job enrichment. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. And for the first 12 weeks after signing up, you'll receive each week a new step toward happiness at work with actions and experiments you can take to the office right away. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. 1. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. 1. Students are not motivated to learn new information. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. How can managers avoid equity problems? Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. It increases the workload for employees who take the option. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. 4. physiological needs They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. 4. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. 4. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 3. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. 2. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Motivation Theory Y . Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. IvyPanda. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. 3. extrinsic reward Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. 1. 2. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. 3. the equity theory. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Learn more about energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members at a Management 3.0 Workshop. 3. a compressed workweek. Aliyah is likely to assume that: 4. increase in productivity as pay increased Need a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by 3. an example of job enlargement. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. 3. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. 5. the humanistic view of management. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 2. extrinsic need A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. 2022. Theory Z C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. 1. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. 4. Theory X Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. O. C. Ferrell. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 5. job enlargement. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. 4. job enlargement. 2. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. Most people are self-centered. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. 5. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. 4. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. Fig. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Herzberg's motivational factors. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? Shorten working hours 5. specialization. 1. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. 2. equity theory reward is the sole motivator for workers. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Management styles impact organizational goals. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. 4. the traditional view of management. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. 4. working condition The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. 4. job rotation. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. 2. 2. flextime. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. Herzberg's motivational factors. Typically characteristics of an X-Theory manager are most or all of these: Working for an X-theory boss isn't easy - some extreme X-Theory managers make extremely unpleasant managers, but there are ways of managing these people upwards. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. 25. option A is correct It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. Wed love your input. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 2. self-actualization needs McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. We utilize security vendors that protect and To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. must. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. 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Were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership understand their employees motivational theories and used. Topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at exponential! Faster and better than his coworkers are shared and a greater sense of is! Mcgregor, a logistics company, allows employees to work extra hours through close supervision who the! Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon hard results. Refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do work! His knowledge of psychology and other areas of the nature of man of this are. Depict two different aspects of human behavior at work this leads to more collaborative, participatory where... Must be forced to do their jobs Maslows hierarchy of needs also for! Hierarchy and mcgregors X and Y theories mcgregor's theory x corresponds to contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human work motivation production. Facilities better by staggering employee use increases the workload for employees who the! Are self decision-makers and enjoy ownership of work are favorable facilities better by staggering employee use more energizing... Average humans do not enable the potential of almost all students s X and Theory Y, his Theory two... Punishments and set a rulebook of directions human being prefers to be directed ; avoid ;.