At the time, it served as a political rallying cry for the communist movement in Europe. ZaVX+: While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. My functioning in the higher judiciary was commended by the former union law minister late Sankaranand for the cause of Social Justice. Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). The classical account of the Brahmin priestly class and its role in Indian religion has seen remarkable continuity during the past two centuries. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. opinion, among others of the 40 millions of non-Brahmins of this large and important province, It is our unfortunate experience also that as concessions and rights are more freely bestowed, the rigidly exclusive caste grows still more rigid and exclusive. Similar results were produced by the competitive examination for the Accounts Departments. We are deeply devoted and loyally attached to British rule, for that rule, in spite of its many short-comings and occasional aberrations, is, in the main, just and sympathetic, We, indeed, hope that our rulers will, as their knowledge of the country expands, be more readily responsive to public feeling, when, of course, that feeling is clearly manifest and decidedly unambiguous, and that before they take any action they will examine the interests and wishes of each caste, class and community with more anxious care than heretofore and in a less conventional manner, When the spirit of social exclusiveness and the rigidity of class and caste begin to disappear, the progress towards self-government will unquestionably be more satisfactory, but, for the present, the practical politician has to concern himself with what lies immediately in front of him. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto Presented a detailed statistics which showed the high concentration of Brahmins in Public services, in public bodies and the educational system with their little percent of total population in Madras state. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. a) 1909 b) 1919 c) 1915 d) 1917 Explanation In this context, the Dravidian movement emerged as a defence of the non-Brahmins against the Brahmin dominance. 0000008178 00000 n Question Bank Solutions 6948. 4 0 obj Indeed, a more vigorous educational policy for the non-Brahmins has long been over-due. The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India.It was established in 1916 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. 0000031561 00000 n With which they are confronted. But the spirit in which, the method by which, and the persons by whom, it is at present worked cannot, all of them, commend themselves to the thinking and self-respecting section of the non-Brahmin public of this presidency, The social reactionary and the impatient political idealists, who seldom has his foot on solid earth, have now taken almost complete possession of the Congress. They were elitist in the beginning and their challenge was articulated by the Non-Brahmin Manifesto issued at the end of 1916. The manifesto became a significant document that would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. In December 1916, the Justice Party issued its non-Brahmin manifesto. mJ 6umh#-a{4ZTf`=8MYB"UT:80ItMs?L.x9R"p.$5JrV+[c"}7a}]-;uV0Y?\1e6WYxor5_K@g1[m. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000004158 00000 n 0000032915 00000 n Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. The full text of the Non-Brahmin Manifesto Golden Jubilee Souvenir (Madras, 1968), pp. It is our firm conviction that in India, for some time to come at any rate, every community has primarily to put its own house in order, so that, when it has to co-operate with other communities, possibly with higher social pretentions, it may do so, not as a dependent and helpless unit to be made a figure head or cats-paw of, but as a self-respecting and highly developed social organitsation, offering its willing co-operation for the promotion of common objects on terms of perfect equality. While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party One, of the earliest lower caste movements, which became the torch bearer for the future caste movements, was founded in Maharashtra in the 1870s by Jyotibha Phule, who with his books Gulamgiri (1872) and Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak and his organisation Satya Shodhak Samaj, proclaimed the need "to save the lower castes from . Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. Dr.A.Padmanabhan, former Governor of Mizoram State was felicitated in absentia. Social Justice Reservation is vital for the uplift of the downtrodden who were oppressed socially for so many centuries. We appeal to the enlightened members of the non-Brahmin communities to be up and doing, their future lies in their own hands. d. No one denies, this. Non-brahmin Manifesto is historically important equating itself with the Magna Carta (1215) the United Kingdom which curtailed the enormous rights vested with the Royal King, an undesirable feature in democratic polity. 10. 0000010924 00000 n During my judicial service, I met Thanthai Periyar many times to seek his blessings and wishes. <> position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. After the triumphant conclusion of the war, the Indian Constitution will doubtless come before the British statesmen and British Parliament for revision, India has earned the right to demand that the basis of her constitution should be broadened and deepened, that her sons representing every class, caste and community, according to their acknowledged. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. Nair and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal came together to form the South Indian Liberation Federation (SILF).In the meantime, at a meeting held in the Victoria Public Hall the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released in December 1916. Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. Non brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness among the non-brahmins to be emancipated and to reap their rightful share in the public domain. An organisation called The Madras Non-Brahmin Association was founded in 1909 to help the non-Brahmin students. Guided by their own sense of self-respect and enlightened self-interest, had they and their communities always acted in concert, even in the matter of Government appointments and political power, they would have been at the top, a place which is theirs by right, As it is, for want of efficient separate organisations of their own and of the instinct or the inclination to make the freest and the most effective use of the modern weapon of publicity their interests have not received their proper share of attention and recognition. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. endobj described in detail the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the public Service of this Province, not definitely as cham-pion of non Brahmin interests but with a view to showing that if simultanous examinations in England and India for admission into the I.C.S. The priests have been . 0000004241 00000 n startxref I have committed myself to the cause of Social Justice which is close very much to the ideology of Thanthai Periyar. The non-Brahmin urban middle class started unifying themselves and the 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' was published in 1916 followed by the formation of south Indian association in 1917. endobj Thus, Montagu-Chelmsford Report, issued on 2 July 1918, denied the request. naveensv12 naveensv12 16.03.2020 Social Sciences Secondary School answered expert verified 10. In the manifesto, the Dravidian concept was anti-Brahmin specific because the patrons of the movement, the British imperialist rulers, had wanted it that way." The cause of revolt against Brahmin . But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. nova credit union covid loan; bryant school district jobs; the drum major instinct summary 0000002637 00000 n Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. As a gesture of acknowledgement the felicitated dignitaries spoke as follows: Justice V.Ramaswami, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. Since then several non-brahmin conferences have been held at important district centres. In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916 along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. Side by side with the starting of associations for the advancement of the education of the non-Brahmin classes, must also be maintained social and political organisations, and where they are needed, well conducted newspapers of their own, both in the vernaculars and in English, to push forward their claims, By their attitude of silence and inaction they have failed to make their voices heard and others more astute than they have used them for their own ends, with the result that there is a great deal of discontent among the non-Brahmins about their present lot as compared with that of their Brahmin fellow countrymen, of which, perhaps, the Government is not fully aware, the discontent is growing every day, and the attention of the Government will be drawn to it. Justice Party released its non-Brahmin manifesto in December 1916. HT[oQ~?bs?ZZS1fCvsvXmd9|go^O$|^i!d)1O@V?`5%{^*jFVL8=[mcfhz-buAE((kaZwp?ok8?`2_t?N_TWp,YBKXAAAdHv The manifesto became an important document that would shape the rise of Dravidian movement later. Poor man! When the Justice Party was in power, women were granted voting rights, and a noon-meal programme was implemented. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 48 . In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. The columns of The Hindu, for instance, were now open to all, including panchamas, and the latter had come to enjoy 'equality and fraternity in the eyes of the law' (NI 22.8.17). The concluding address was delivered by Dr.K.Veeramani, Patron of Dravidian Historical Research Centre. a. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream Non Brahmin Manifesto may sound communal. This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. Be bold at the hours of crisis without any wavering. This piece of advice-wish of Periyar still remains greenish in me. c. The Congress also mainly consisted of Brahmins. In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the worlds admiring gaze as the considered. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. Old established traditions, the position of the Brahmins as the highest and the most sacred of the Hindu castes, the nature of their ancient calling, and the steady inculcation of the belief, both by written texts and oral, teaching, that they are so many divinely-ordained intermediaries without whose active intervention and blessing the soul cannot obtain salvation, and their consequent freedom from manual toil all these helped them to adapt themselves easily to the new conditions under British Rule, as under previous epochs, in large numbers and far more successfully than the other castes and communities, Apart, however, from the question of English education, are large material stakes, traditional and inherited interests in the soil and the social prestige that goes with it, influence among the masses, quiet and peaceful occupations that tend to the steady economic development of the province, and overwhelming numerical strength itself, to count for nothing? Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. H\@>E-QoI7d1?Lfh%#LTY''V>VnwKOCs;u};pIkrm.q~e\#=mmKgrk)}%ton9FsFfhu09$*kW}c OzJ#^TY*_- It is curious to note that even where competitive examinations did not exist, as for instance in the Subordinate Judicial Service of the presidency, the major portion of the appointments was in the hands of the Brahmins, Sir Alexander Cardew stated that, out of 128 permanent District Munsiffs in 1913, 93 were Brahmins, 25 non-Brahmin Hindus and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christiane, Europeans and Anglo-Indians, From these and other figures of a like nature, he naturally concluded that an open competition for the Civil Service in India would mean almost complete monopoly of the service by the Brahmin caste and the practical exclusion from it of the non-Brahmin classes. When was Madras Non-Brahmin Association was founded? For our part, we deprecate, as we have suggested, the introduction of changes not warranted by the present conditions, we cannot too strongly condemn caste or class rule. Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party . Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education SSLC (English Medium) Class 10th. When I served as the Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court, I implemented the reservation policy for the first time in the appointment of Judges and other judiciary staff in those States. But at the time of its release, it received widespread criticism; Tamil Nadu's legacy of social justice owes its existence to the formative years of Justice Party in power. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. When on August 14, 2021, chief minister of Tamil Nadu MK Stalin appointed 23 non-Brahmin archaka, or priests, to various temples across the state, it was seen as a radical move.It seemed Stalin was realising a dream that had been birthed in the 1970s, when politician and social activist EV Ramaswami, popularly known as Periyar, demanded priesthood in Hindu temples be opened up to all castes. 0000020907 00000 n On 1919 January 1, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him The South Indian peoples Association has issued the following Manifesto addressed to non-Brahmin gentlemen throughout the presidency under the signature of its Secretary, Rao Bahadur P. Theagaraya Chettiar. The South Indian peoples Association has issued the following Manifesto addressed to non-Brahmin gentlemen throughout the presidency under the signature of its Secretary, Rao Bahadur P. Theagaraya Chettiar. were introduced, the Brabmins whom he characterised as "a The Non-Brahmin group was led by the legendary Sir Pitti Theagaroya Chetti. Important Solutions 2. It is to hide this that a fake Brahmin-ghost is continuously being . The Hon. At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also that apolitical association be formed to advance, safe-guard and protect the . Many Non-Brahmins were We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. Out of 140 Deputy Collectors in Madras at the time, 77 were Brahmins, 30 non-Brahmin Hindus, and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christians, Europeans and Anglo Indians. It is stated that "the Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu can be dated to begin from December 1916 when the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released. It is difficult for anyone to compete with a man who in eloquence is effective, unflinching and fearless. Art. function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(? 0000001477 00000 n Great and pressing is the task. Some of the old ideals are still there. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. Justice S.Ratnavel Pandian, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. While felicitating, Dr.K.Veeramani proudly said, the dignitaries are the products of the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement. (c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement? The year 1916 was significant. 0000001176 00000 n 11. Not less than 40 out of 41% millions, who form the population of this presidency, are non-Brahmins, and the bulk of the tax payers, including a. large majority of the zamindars, landholders and agriculturists, also belong to the same class. During the past two centuries piece of advice-wish of Periyar still remains greenish in me their hands! 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