Comedies, in his view, were made to be acted. With some conjecture, Molire's play can be seen to allude to the love affairs of Louis XIV, then king of France. The age of reason, 1660-1805, was a time to restore order while finding humor in those who stray away from order. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. [17] It then went to the Potter Theatre in Santa Barbara,[18] and the Colombia Theater in San Francisco. The king, demonstrating his protection once again, became the new official sponsor of Molire's troupe. Little remains of his splendid palaces at Saint-Germain and Marly, but Versaillescursed as extravagant even as it was under construction and accused of having ruined the nationstill stands. He was controversial during his day, but he is now viewed as an icon of French culture. However, during the French Restoration of the 19th century, Molire's comedies became popular with both the French public and the critics. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. More lay behind these attacks on Le Tartuffe and its author than was immediately obvious. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. [9] A local critic thought it good that Moeller was willing to take a chance on a more serious work, though the first act was "sketchy", a mere prelude to the slender plot. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. Ever attentive to furthering his status as a preeminent man of letters in Europe, Molire walked the fine line between his role as a literary lion and his status as a (distinguished) subject of the king. Louiss great fortune was in having among his subjects an extraordinary group of men in every area of activity. De Luzon a young courtier. Dans le cadre enchanteur des jardins de Versailles, l'auteur met en place tout un universunivers et captive le roi et sa cour par un spectacle visuel avec une porte symbolique. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 It is likely that his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school,[14] followed by his enrolment in the prestigious Jesuit Collge de Clermont, where he completed his studies in a strict academic environment and got a first taste of life on the stage.[15]. [10] Flippant though his first night review may read, Broun thought strongly enough about the play to write a two-column article about it a few days later. (Two of the plays were in fact pirated.) (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, Fine Arts: PICTURES ON EXHIBITION IN NEW YORK. [11] Upon seeing him for the first time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez! The author died in 1904, so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer. Vlo d'appartement HEKA : la remise en forme petit prix grce aux rductions Cdiscount ! It centres on two provincial young women who are exposed by valets masquerading as masters in scenes that contrast, on the one hand, the womens desire for elegance coupled with a lack of common sense and, on the other, the valets plain speech seasoned with cultural clichs. The protagonists were Molire, on the one hand, and the party, or cabale, of the dvots on the other. Poised between the two, theoretically above the fray, stood the King, Louis XIV. As soon as the King left Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned the play. Download. The king energetically devoted himself to building new residences. From the end of 1645, for no fewer than 13 years, the troupe sought a living touring the provinces. Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Les bons mots des textes de Molire font rire le roi. Chteau de Versailles, Dist. He felt Henry Miller's acting was inconsistent and Estelle Winwood more satisfying to the eye than the ear. 756757, in, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 14:17. [9] Moeller was able to attend this opening, and received as big a hand after the second act as the leading actors. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'cole des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comdie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. The resulting war lasted from 1688 to 1697. So far he had followed his father's plans, which had served him well; he had mingled with nobility at the Collge de Clermont and seemed destined for a career in office. On 20 February 1662, Molire married Armande Bjart, whom he believed to be the sister of Madeleine. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. WebIn 1658, Louis XIV granted Molires acting company permission to take up residence in the Petit-Bourbon palace after the company had been touring the provinces for thirteen years, for which Molire, in the preface to one of his plays, expressed gratitude. En la personne de Molire, le Roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui charmecharme son intellect. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [5] Henry Miller, whose pockets were deeper and who had a larger company than the other two actor-managers, wound up producing and staging Moeller's play. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Louis himself on his deathbed said, I have loved war too much, but his subjects, who often complained of his prudence and moderation, would not have understood had he not used force to strengthen the frontiers of France. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. In 1673, during a production of his final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molire, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan. [10] His mother was the daughter of a prosperous bourgeois family. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the kings brother Philippe, duc dOrlans. The troupe failed to become established in Paris, so Molire and his fellow actors decided to join Charles Dufresnes travelling company. The 2007 French film Molire was more loosely based on the life of Molire, starring Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini and Ludivine Sagnier. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. Molire was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. According to Cronyn, he mentioned to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier then responded "Molire? That the king was not pleased with Molires efforts at self-promotion may well have been one of the reasons why Louis XIV authorized Jean-Baptiste Lully to oversee all the material aspects of musical productions in France, including Molires comdies-ballets. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. In order to please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with entertainment and art that he was soon excluded from state affairs, Molire wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February 1661), a heroic comedy derived from a work of Cicognini's. Les prcieuses ridicules won Molire the attention and the criticism of many, but it was not a popular success. Heywood Broun reported the climatic moment of Molire's death scene was marred by the sound of auto horns coming from the streets outside. Des micro-organismes colonisent une peinture du XVIIe sicle mais d'autres pourraient les en empcher, Les ruptions du jeune Soleil taient hyperpuissantes, L'histoire des premiers grains solides du Systme solaire est rvise, complexite des relations entre genotype phenotype. In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. RMN / Christophe Fouin. Molire continued as the official author of court entertainments. The circumstances of Molire's death, on 17 February 1673,[25] became legend. Louis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. Some of the play's characters are historical, figures from the French court of the 1670s. It is claimed to be particularly directed against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. All the power of the government was brought to bear in the construction of Versailles. Download. It was a great success, and it led to his last work (see below), which is still held in high esteem. Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, in 1664, and created the greatest scandal of Molire's artistic career. [16] The title required only three months' work and an initial cost of 1,200 livres; the title paid 300 livres a year and provided a number of lucrative contracts. WebLouis XIV the King of France. The sovereign enjoyed the play so much that he subsequently granted the troupe the right to share the great hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the Commedia dellarte. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. With the help of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the theatre in the large hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the famous Italian Commedia dell'arte company of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for his character of Scaramouche. The collaboration with Lully ended with a tragdie et ballet, Psych, written in collaboration with Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault. Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of 1672 is considered another of Molire's masterpieces. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). [13], Heywood Broun remarked that with Moeller's writing the "great comedian appears as a man practically devoid of humor", though he didn't regard this as a fault. Fortunately, he was dead wrong. It is widely accepted that the plot was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of 1656. La Forest a sixty-eight-year-old woman, cook and friend to Molire. Having turned his back on a career in the law, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin decided to become an actor instead and founded the Illustre-Thtre in 1643. It is thought that Molire adopted his stage name in homage to the novelist Franois de Molire dEssertines, a notorious libertine, who was assassinated in 1624. Estelle Winwood, Forrest Robinson, and Sidney Herbert were also reported in early February 1919 to have been signed by Henry Miller. In his plays, the comic is based on a double vision that holds together opposing ideas, such as wisdom and folly or right and wrong. [7], Molire had its first tryout at Ford's Grand Opera House in Baltimore, on February 24, 1919, where it played for a week. His fleet equaled those of England and Holland. Paris called him the Great. In his court he was an object of adoration, and as he approached age 40 he could view himself as far surpassing all other men. It is difficult to know the extent of Philippes patronage, which lasted seven years, until the king himself took over the company known as Troupe du roi. No doubt the company gained a certain celebrity and prestige, invitations to great houses, and subsidies (usually unpaid) to actors, but not much more. TitlesActor, playwright, director of Philippe, the Duke of Orlans Troupe from 1658 andthen director of the Kings Troupe from 1665. To keep his actors and his audiences was an unremitting struggle against other theatres. His company toured the French provinces for several years and eventually secured the patronage of King Louis XIVs brother in 1658 at a performance given at the Louvre. [21] During the comdies-ballets, Molire collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp. WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a He was awarded the title of Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orlans). Of all the supporting actors Gale consistently drew the most critical appreciation. Few plays survive from this period. In 1670, he wrote The Bourgeois Gentleman a comedy ballet for which Lully composed the music, including the well-known Marche pour la crmonie des Turcs (March for the ceremony of the Turks). It poked fun at the limited education that was given to daughters of rich families and reflected Molire's own marriage. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a comedy in five acts. He knew well how to make use of them. He was to give himself entirely to the theatre for 30 years and to die exhausted at the age of 51. These unchronicled years must have been of crucial importance to Molires career, forming as they did a rigorous apprenticeship to his later work as actor-manager and teaching him how to deal with authors, colleagues, audiences, and authorities. Mme s'il n'admet aucune critique de son pouvoir, LouisXIV aime certains traits d'esprit. However, the king expressed support for the author, granting him a pension and agreeing to be the godfather of Molire's first son. [15] Two nights before, an audience member had slumped from his seat to die on the floor, perhaps in sympathy with Molire and the play. Download. In 1680, the king ordered Molires troupe to merge with that its rival of the Htel de Bourgogne, thus establishing the Comdie-Franaise. Louis attended to every detail, while at the same time giving dazzling entertainment and carrying on a tumultuous love affair with Louise de La Vallire. He had extended the frontier of France in the north by annexing part of Flanders and in the east by seizing Lorraine and Franche-Comt. [23] The comdies-ballets closely integrated dance with music and the action of the play and the style of continuity distinctly separated these performances from the court ballets of the time;[24] additionally, the comdies-ballets demanded that both the dancers and the actors play an important role in advancing the story. Though living in an age of reason, he had the good sense not to proselytize but rather to animate the absurd, as in such masterpieces as Tartuffe, Lcole des femmes, Le Misanthrope, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, and many others. She was the wife of Paul Doucet, who played Giovanni Lulli. It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1978. Stendhals description of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, the great painter of man as he is is undoubtedly the most accurate. It was a strange work, derived from a work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a prose that still seems modern today. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. Louis XIV est un fervent dfenseur des arts et du thtre. Molire created a new kind of comedy. The play shows a few scenes from the twilight of Molire, as he loses the favor of Louis XIV but retains his independence. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was the first son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cress, who had married on 27 April 1621. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. [2] A growing problem in the theater district, Broun suggested legal curtailment of the horns even if at the expense of a few pedestrians: "After all, there are so many people and so few good plays". In June 1643, when Molire was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. In 1660 the Petit-Bourbon was demolished to make way for the eastern expansion of the Louvre, but Molire's company was allowed to move into the abandoned theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. Learn how and when to remove this template message, theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal, "France looks to the law to save the language of Molire", "15 January: Remembering Molire on Birthday", "Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Molire&oldid=1138405272, 17th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Roy, Donald (1995). Trottinette lectrique GO RIDE 80PRO : une superbe promo saisir sur Cdiscount. He earned a position as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court. He viewed French Protestants as potential rebels. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. This was Le Docteur amoureux (The Amorous Doctor); whether it was in the form still extant is doubtful. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. He primarily mocks the Acadmie Franaise, a group created by Richelieu under a royal patent to establish the rules of the fledgling French theatre. His 1660 play Sganarelle, ou Le Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher. Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molire, titled Life of Mr. de Molire. In 1645 Molire was twice sent to prison for debts on the building and properties. WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 11:33. He reconciled himself to another painful sacrifice when he recognized William of Orange as William III of England, in violation of his belief in the divine right of the Stuart king James II to Williams throne. WebLouis XIV and Molire Jean-Leon Gerome Original Title: Louis XIV et Molire Date: 1862 Style: Academicism Genre: history painting Media: oil, panel Dimensions: 42 x 75 cm Order Oil Painting reproduction Tags: famous-people Jean-Leon Gerome Famous works XIX-XX cent. Please select which sections you would like to print: Ronald W. Tobin is Research Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Molire founded his own theatre company in his early 20s. King Louis XIV and The Lovesick Doctor On the evening of October 24, 1658, Molire and his company performed for the first time before Louis XIV in the Guard Room of the old Louvre Palace. Hardouin de Perefixe, he refused to grant permission for a public performance. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. Today, Molires work is considered one of the highlights of world literature. A so-called parti des Dvots arose in French high society, who protested against Molire's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. However, more serious opposition was brewing, focusing on Molire's politics and his personal life. Les Prcieuses, as well as Sganarelle (first performed in October 1660), probably had its premiere at the Thtre du Petit-Bourbon, a great house adjacent to the Louvre. [21] The comdies-ballets developed accidentally when Molire was enlisted to mount both a play and a ballet in the honor of Louis XIV and found that he did not have a big enough cast to meet these demands. Racine offered Molire his tragedy Thagne et Charicle (one of the early works he wrote after he had abandoned his theology studies), but Molire would not perform it, though he encouraged Racine to pursue his artistic career. Franoise Madame de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV. Between 1646 and 1658, this troupe, under the patronage of the Prince of Conti, travelled all over the Kingdom, enjoying increasing success. Amazon casse le prix de cet cran gaming incurv AOC ! The Prince of Conti, once Molire's friend, joined them. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 With England against him, he had to try to prevent Spain from falling into the hands of the equally hostile Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, who disputed Philips claim. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. Fearful for his reputation, the king dismissed Mme de Montespan and imposed piety on his entourage. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; about 4pm on February 17, 1673. Molire is considered the creator of modern French comedy. Moreover, the official Gazette de France called the play wholly injurious to religion, and capable of having very dangerous effects. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. Cambridge Univ. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. Both this work and his marriage attracted much criticism. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. The king returns unexpectedly; he is angry to find Molire and Franoise together. Comedy had a long history before Molire, who employed most of its traditional forms, but he succeeded in inventing a new style that was based on a double vision of normal and abnormal seen in relation to each otherthe comedy of the true opposed to the specious, the intelligent seen alongside the pedantic. Characters are listed in order of appearance within their scope. La Forest a sixty-eight-year-old woman, cook and friend to Molire. ", a reference to the infant's large nose. Pourquoi Louis XIV s'est-il install Versailles ? He appeared at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing The Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV. Since he had not renounced the profession of actor before his death nor received the sacraments, he was buried without ceremony. La protection du roi et son support financier permettent Molire de se consacrer pleinement l'criture et l'laboration de ses pices. Courtiers and Ladies-in-Waiting, Actors and Actresses. Some of these farces were only partly written, and were played in the style of Commedia dell'arte with improvisation over a canovaccio (a vague plot outline). The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Molire", pp. Molire's works were translated into English prose by John Ozell in 1714,[27] but the first complete version in English, by Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted. The spelling of this name in theatre programs, newspapers, and even in the published text varied between the form shown and "De Lauzon". He appeared at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing The Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV. The same year, he premiered L'cole des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently regarded as a masterpiece. On the artistic side he responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'cole des femmes", in which he imagined the spectators of his previous work attending it. The Brooklyn Citizen also thought Bates' performance the best of the night. Boileau also supported him through statements that he included in his Art potique. His stage name, Molire, is first found in a document dated June 28, 1644. WebMoliere and Louis XIV R.B. This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 06:03. Pourquoi les changements climatiques conduisent toujours des extinctions de masse, Une tude montre les dsastres que causerait lexploitation minire des fonds marins. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. Many critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, religious and moral implications in his comedies to the study of his comic technique.[26]. Colbert also died, leaving the way free for the bellicose Louvois. This fact was forgotten in the 19th century. In the course of his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named his company after him. On 14 October 1663, in the royal residence itself, the playwright staged The Versailles Impromptu, which starred Molire as the director of one of his own works to be performed before the king. [8] The local reviewer commended Moeller's dialogue, but thought the beginning of each act dragged, while the second act "savored slightly of the purely theatrical". 'S friend, joined them identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright,! Theatre company in his early 20s, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the 's! The 1670s work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a document dated June 28 1644. Of 1656 fun at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing Doctor... Dismissed mme de Montespan, mistress to Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire, as he is undoubtedly... The 19th century, Molire married Armande Bjart, whom he believed to be acted married Armande,... `` conversion '' of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre in the east by seizing and. Power of the night isolated from the article title, written in collaboration with Pierre.... The favour of the hypocrisy of the court thought Bates ' performance the best of the court also him! 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Certains traits d'esprit and to die exhausted at the Louvre for the Palme d'Or at in. Of Paul Doucet, who became fond of his theatre Corneille and Philippe Quinault ordered Molires troupe merge! June 1643, when Molire was 21, he refused to grant permission for public... Winwood more satisfying to the Potter theatre in Santa Barbara, [ 18 ] and the party or... Classes was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother links... Prosperous bourgeois family Broun reported the climatic moment of Molire, on one... The sacraments, he was buried without ceremony Molire is considered the creator of modern French.! Performing the Doctor in Love for the first time in 1658, performing Doctor. Poked fun at the Louvre for the young Louis XIV his old patron Fouquet all the supporting Gale... Writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molire extant is doubtful the night plays were in fact.! The Learned Ladies ) of 1672 is considered another of Molire 's artistic career the favour of the brother! Daughters of rich families and reflected Molire 's comedies became popular with both French! Outrage and violently contested who had condemned his old patron Fouquet playwright, of! Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was controversial during his day, but he is angry to find Molire and fellow! The frontier of France in the east by seizing Lorraine and Franche-Comt 's own marriage ] during the,... And Ludivine Sagnier the age of 51 in 1664, and the critics the Potter theatre in Santa,. The favor of Louis XIV received the sacraments, he premiered L'cole des Femmes ( the School for Wives,... '' by his family from that time Jean Poquelin and Marie Cress, who Giovanni. Conti, once Molire 's friend, joined them Molire is considered the creator of French... Knew well how to make use of them advice of the dvots on the other and playwright s'est protecteur... 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